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Reference

Chad Facts and Figures from Encarta
Basic Facts
Official name Republic of Chad
Capital N’Djamena
Area 1,284,000 sq km
495,755 sq mi
Chad
People
Population 9,253,493 (2003 estimate)
Population growth
Population growth rate 3.07 percent (2003 estimate)
Projected population in 2025 16,658,661 (2025 estimate)
Projected population in 2050 29,170,760 (2050 estimate)
Population density 7.2 persons per sq km (2003 estimate)
19 persons per sq mi (2003 estimate)
Urban/rural distribution
Share urban 24 percent (2001 estimate)
Share rural 76 percent (2001 estimate)
Largest cities, with population
N’Djamena 998,000 (1999 estimate)
Sarh 193,753 (1993)
Moundou 282,103 (1993)
Abéché 187,936 (1993)
Ethnic groups
In northern and central Chad, Muslim peoples are dominant, including the Toubou, Hadjerai, Fulbe, Kotoko, Kanembou, Baguirmi, Boulala, Zaghawa, and Maba. Non-Muslim peoples make up the majority of the population in southern Chad. These groups include the Sara, Ngambaye, Mbaye, Goulaye, Moundang, Moussei, and Massa.
Languages
French (official), Arabic (official); more than 100 different languages and dialects are spoken.
Religious affiliations
Muslim 59 percent
Indigenous beliefs 17 percent
Roman Catholic 10 percent
Protestant 7 percent
Other 7 percent
Health and Education
Life expectancy
Total 48.5 years (2003 estimate)
Female 50.1 years (2003 estimate)
Male 47 years (2003 estimate)
Infant mortality rate 96 deaths per 1,000 live births (2003 estimate)
Population per physician 30,347 people (1994)
Population per hospital bed 1,389 people (1991)
Literacy rate
Total 53.6 percent (2000)
Female 40.8 percent (2000)
Male 66.9 percent (2000)
Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 2 percent (1999-2000)
Number of years of compulsory schooling 6 years (2000)
Number of students per teacher, primary school 69 students per teacher (1999-2000)
Government
Form of government Republic
Voting qualifications Universal at age 18
Constitution 31 March 1996
Armed forces
Total number of military personnel 30,350 (2001)
Military expenditures as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) 0.8 percent (2001)
Economy
Gross domestic product (GDP, in U.S.$) $1.6 billion (2001)
GDP per capita (U.S.$) $200 (2001)
GDP by economic sector
Agriculture, forestry, fishing 38.6 percent (2001)
Industry 13.7 percent (2001)
Services 47.7 percent (2001)
Employment
Number of workers 3,836,891 (2001)
Workforce share of economic sector
Agriculture, forestry, fishing 83 percent (1990)
Industry 4 percent (1990)
Services 13 percent (1990)
Unemployment rate Not available
National budget (U.S.$)
Total revenue $120 million (1992 estimate)
Total expenditure $363 million (1992 estimate)
Monetary unit
Communaut* Financière Africaine (CFA) franc, consisting of 100 centimes
Major trade partners for exports
Portugal, Germany, United States, France, and Poland
Major trade partners for imports
France, Cameroon, Nigeria, United States, and Saudi Arabia
Energy, Communications, and Transportation
Electricity production
Electricity from thermal sources 100 percent (2001 estimate)
Electricity from hydroelectric sources 0 percent (2001 estimate)
Electricity from nuclear sources 0 percent (2001 estimate)
Electricity from geothermal, solar, and wind sources 0 percent (2001 estimate)
Number of radios per 1,000 people 236 (1997)
Number of telephones per 1,000 people 1 (2001)
Number of televisions per 1,000 people 1.4 (2000 estimate)
Number of Internet hosts per 10,000 people 0.01 (2000)
Daily newspaper circulation per 1,000 people 0.2 (1998)
Number of motor vehicles per 1,000 people 3.7 (1997)
Paved road as a share of total roads 1 percent (1999)
Sources
Basic Facts and People sections
Area data are from the statistical bureaus of individual countries. Population, population growth rate, and population projections are from the United States Census Bureau, International Programs Center, International Data Base (IDB) (www.census.gov). Urban and rural population data are from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN), FAOSTAT database (www.fao.org). Largest cities population data and political divisions data are from the statistical bureaus of individual countries. Ethnic divisions and religion data are largely from the latest Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) World Factbook and from various country censuses and reports. Language data are largely from the Ethnologue, Languages of the World, Summer Institute of Linguistics International (www.sil.org).
Health and Education section
Life expectancy and infant mortality data are from the United States Census Bureau, International Programs Center, International database (IDB) (www.census.gov). Population per physician and population per hospital bed data are from the World Health Organization (WHO) (www.who.int). Education data are from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) database (www.unesco.org).
Government section
Government, independence, legislature, constitution, highest court, and voting qualifications data are largely from various government Web sites, the latest Europa World Yearbook, and the latest Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) World Factbook. The armed forces data is from Military Balance.
Economy section
Gross domestic product (GDP), GDP per capita, GDP by economic sectors, employment, and national budget data are from the World Bank database (www.worldbank.org). Monetary unit, agriculture, mining, manufacturing, exports, imports, and major trade partner information is from the latest Europa World Yearbook and various International Monetary Fund (IMF) publications.
Energy, Communication, and Transportation section
Electricity information is from the Energy Information Administration (EIA) database (www.eia.doe.gov). Radio, telephone, television, and newspaper information is from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) database (www.unesco.org). Internet hosts, motor vehicles, and road data are from the World Bank database (www.worldbank.org).
Note
Figures may not total 100 percent due to rounding.